ABSTRACT
Purpose: To report the 1?year clinical outcomes related to safety, efficacy, predictability, contrast sensitivity, patient satisfaction, complications, and overall results with Optiflex Genesis and Eyecryl Plus (ASHFY 600) monofocal aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs) and compare the same with Tecnis?1 monofocal IOL. Methods: This prospective, single?center, single?surgeon, randomized, three?arm study included 159 eyes of 140 eligible patients who underwent cataract extraction with IOL implantation with any of the three study lenses. Clinical outcomes related to safety, efficacy, predictability, contrast sensitivity, patient satisfaction, complications, and overall results were compared at a mean follow?up of 1 year (12 ± 1.20 months). Results: Preoperatively, age and baseline ocular parameters of all the three groups were matched. At 12 months post?op, no significant differences were noted among the groups in terms of mean postoperative uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA, respectively) sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent (SE; P > 0.05 for all parameters). Eighty?nine percent eyes in the Optiflex Genesis group as against 96% eyes in the Tecnis?1 and Eyecryl Plus (ASHFY 600) groups were within ± 0.5 D, and 100% of eyes in all the three groups were within ± 1.00 D of SE accuracy. Postoperative internal higher?order aberrations (HOAs) and coma, and mesopic contrast sensitivity at all spatial frequencies were comparable across all the three groups. Two eyes in the Tecnis?1 group, two eyes in the Optiflex group, and one eye in the Eyecryl Plus (ASHFY 600) group underwent YAG capsulotomy at the last follow?up. No eye in any of the groups showed glistenings or required IOL exchange due to any reason. Conclusion: At 1?year post?op, all the three aspheric lenses showed comparable results in visual and refractive parameters, post?op aberrations, contrast sensitivity, and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) behavior. Further follow?up is needed to evaluate the long?term behavior for refractive stability and PCO rates of these lenses. Trial registry: CTRI/2019/08/020754 (www.ctri.nic.in).
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT A sensitive and reliable high performance thin layer chromatography method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of quercetin and gallic acid in Leea indica, Vitaceae. Ethyl acetate extract prepared from hydrolysed aqueous alcoholic extract (70%) was applied on silica gel G 60 F254 plate. The plate was developed using toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid, 5:4:1 (v/v/v) as a mobile phase and detection and quantification were performed by densitometric scanning at 254 nm. The system was found to give well resolved bands for quercetin (Rf 0.63) and gallic acid (Rf 0.45) from other constituents present in the extract of L. indica. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.991 and 0.999 with relative standard deviation, 0.97–1.23% and 0.1–1.13% for quercetin and gallic acid respectively in the developed method. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by conducting recovery studies at different levels using the standard addition method. The average recovery of quercetin and gallic acid was found close to 99% suggesting the accurateness of the method. The proposed validated high performance thin layer chromatographic method offers a new, sensitive, specific and precise gauge for quantification of quercetin and gallic acid in L. indica.
ABSTRACT
Background & Objective: The recommended treatment for beta thalassemia major involves regular blood transfusions, whichstimulate the patient’s immune system and results in the formation of antierytrocyte antibodies usually IgG class. They can result in clinical hemolysis and complication of blood cross matching. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of RBC alloantibodies, the type of these antibodies, factors influencing on alloimmunization among multiple- transfused thalassemia major patients. Methodology: ABO blood grouping,Rh (D) typesand Phenotyping done by the electromagnetic technology using Qwalys 3 Diagast. Antibody screening was done by using 3-cell panel followed by11- cell panel of Biorad Corporation. Results: 10 patients developed alloantibodies against RBC Antigen. Among total alloimmunizedpatients, 7.35%were female and 4.27% were male. Majority of alloantibodies were directed against antigen in the Rh and Kell system. i. e. Anti c, Anti E and Anti K. Frequency of Alloantibody positivism is maximum in AB positive patients. From extended Antigen typing of voluntary donors, we can see the frequency of D, C and e Antigens are more than frequency of c, E and K Antigens. Conclusion: Frequency of red cell alloimmunizationwas 5.40% in this study. Alloantibodies found were mainly against Rh blood group systemand Kell system. Red cell alloantibody formation was not influenced by age at first transfusion, number of blood transfusion, splenectomy and leuckodepleted blood transfusion. In our study alloimmunized patients did not revealed any evidence of haemolytic transfusion reaction. The frequency of Antibody positivity depends on immunogenicity of Antigen. Females and group AB patients are showing more frequency of alloimmunization. Routine pretransfusion matching of blood, other than ABO and RhD antigen is not recommended because of low rate of red cell alloimmunization and high cost associated with such testing.
ABSTRACT
Background & Objective: The high prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis has heightened the problems of blood safety in India. TTIs cause fatal, chronic and life-threatening disorders because of their prolonged viraemia and carrier or latent state. Serologic tests utilized routinely in the screening of blood donors, totally not guarantee the absence of these infections among blood donors. Methodology: Samples of HIV, HBsAg, HCV were tested by ELISA and samples of syphilis were tested by RPR method following manufacturer’s instructions. Results: Prevalence of HBV was highest within at the age groups 26-35 years, HCV within the age group between 36-45years, syphilis within the age group between 46-55 years and HIV between 26-35 years. The prevalence of hepatitis B and syphilis was higher among males as compared to females, while for hepatitis C and HIV, it was higher among females as compared to males. Conclusion: Availability of safe blood for transfusion can be achieved by vigorous screening of donors and donated blood. Screening of blood is now mandatory for many diseases and is undertaken routinely in blood banks. The prevalence of TTIs among the Indian blood donors is reported to be ranging as follows; HBV – 0.66% to 12%, HCV – 0.5% to 1.5%, HIV– 0.084% to 3.87%, and syphilis – 0.85% to 3% respectively. Hence strict selection of blood donors with stringent screening and safe methods of detection can minimise risk if TTI.